A live mailbox probe, not a guess
Past syntax and MX, a real SMTP conversation asks the destination server whether the mailbox exists — the same signal your own mail server would get, without you ever sending anything. That's meaningfully different from a syntax or MX check, both of which can pass even for a domain whose mailbox was deleted years ago — the live probe is the only step that actually asks the question that matters: is anyone still receiving mail at this address today. It's the closest thing to actually asking the mailbox itself, without ever putting a real message in its inbox. It's the step that turns a probable answer into a confirmed one.